![]() ![]() The cursor cannot be positioned within the syllable. ![]() Once a syllable is shaped, it is indivisible. In a text sequence, these characters are stored in phonetic order (although they may not be represented in phonetic order when displayed). Syllables are composed of consonant letters, independent vowels and dependant vowels. Consonant conjuncts may have both full and half forms, or only full forms.ĭevanagari syllable - Effective orthographic "unit" of Devanagari writing systems. For example, "Ka" and "Ta", rather than just "K" or "T."Ĭonsonant conjuncts (aka 'conjuncts') - Ligatures of two or more consonants. Consonants may exist in different contextual forms and have an inherent vowel (usually, the short vowel "a"). Below-base forms are represented by a non-spacing mark glyph.Ĭluster - A group of characters that form an integral unit in Indic scripts, often times a syllable.Ĭonsonant - Each represents a single consonant sound. In the glyph sequence, the below-base form comes after the consonant(s) that form the base glyph. In Devanagari, only the consonant Ra has a below-base form. Layout operations are defined in terms of a base glyph, not a base character, since the base can often be a ligature.īelow-base form of consonants - A variant form of a consonant that appears below the base glyph. In "degenerate" syllables that have no vowel (last letter of a word), the last consonant in halant form serves as the base consonant and is mapped as the base glyph. In Devanagari, the last consonant of the syllable (except for syllables ending with letter "Ra") usually forms the base glyph. Akhand ligatures in Devanagari may be displayed in either half- or full-form.īase glyph - The only consonant or consonant conjunct in the orthographic syllable that is written in its "full" (nominal) form. Akhand ligatures have the highest priority and are formed first some languages include them in their alphabets. In Devanagari, only the consonant Ra has an above-base form, known as “reph”.Īkhand ligatures - Required consonant ligatures that may appear anywhere in the syllable and may or may not involve the base glyph. The following terms are useful for understanding the layout features and script rules discussed in this document.Ībove-base form of consonants - A variant form of a consonant that appears above the base glyph. And the I-matra will be positioned immediately in front of the base (or half-form) preceding it, which in this case is the Ma. ![]() Option 2: By not listing Da in the ‘half’ feature lookup, the halant form will display and the shaping engine will treat it as the first main consonant on which to position the reph. ![]() Thus, the shaping engine will treat it as a half form and the reph will be positioned on the first main consonant and the I-matra will be positioned immediately in front of the “half-form” D(a). Option 1: While the Da does not have a true half form in Devanagari, it can be listed in the ‘half’ feature lookup substituting the ‘halant form’ of Da. In the example below (Ra + halant + Da+ halant + Ma + I-matra), Ra + halant will form the reph, but how the Da is classified will determine the position of the reph as well as the location of the pre-pended matra. For example, the location where the reph and pre-pended matra are re-ordered within a syllable cluster is affected by the presence of a half form. The new Indic shaping engine allows for variations in typographic conventions, giving a font developer control over shaping by the choice of designation of glyphs to certain OpenType features. In addition, registered features of the Devanagari script are defined and illustrated with examples. While it does not contain instructions for creating Devanagari fonts, it will help font developers understand how the Indic shaping engine processes Indic text. It contains information about terminology, font features and behavior of the Indic shaping engine in regards to the Devanagari script. This document targets developers implementing Indic shaping behavior compatible with Microsoft OpenType specification for Indic scripts. Other languages written with the Devanagari script include Hindi, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Nepali, Sanskrit and Sindhi. This document presents information that will help font developers create or support OpenType fonts for all Devanagari script languages covered by the Unicode Standard, including classical Sanskrit. While Indic fonts made according to the earlier recommendations will still function properly in the new versions of Uniscribe, font developers may choose to update their fonts, particularly if they wish to avoid certain limitations of the earlier implementation. Please note: This document reflects the changes made in 2005 recommendations for Indic-script OpenType font and shaping-engine implementations. ![]()
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